Washington State University says they took factory and mill jobs, including making the munitions used by the Union army. In the government, many of the Royalist were either killed or exiled. She was a famous society hostess, and when important people would come to her parties, she'd get them chatting, then send any relevant information to General P.G.T. Women did plenty of spying during the Civil War. Families were split when different members devoted their allegiances to … Children and elderly slaves also used close proximity to the Union lines as an opportunity to run to freedom. But white women managed to make it work, mostly. Civil War nurses owed their career to the British Florence Nightingale's work in the Crimean War seven years before, according to PBS. Women cut their hair, bound their breasts, wore loose clothes, and performed as well as any man. Overall, they served with distinction. They got away with it because the physical exam to join was more concerned with their teeth and ability to hold a musket than their genitals. Facts about Civil English War 1: the nicknames. There were fewer people, fewer supplies, fewer railroads, and a lot of battles close at hand. That's especially true for a war where a country has been ripped in half, and a woman might live on one side but support the other. Famine and plague run high claiming more lives. Life was tough. > Life During the English Civil War. Like any war, the English Civil War affected families by the deaths of thousands of young men who were husbands, fathers, and sons. The English Civil War was also called the Great Rebellion. This influx changed society. The Royalists were called the Cavaliers. What Life Was Really Like For Women During The Civil War, According to Case Western Reserve University. They might also have to leave their friends behind if forced to flee with their masters from the encroaching Union army. The split between Charles and Parliament was such that neither side was willing to back down over the principles that they held and war was inevitable … They also had to get their husband's body home, which was a complicated process. New Haven’s economy flourished during the Civil War era, as indicated by the number of businesses advertised in Benham’s and by the variety of goods and services on offer. To be fair, no one really knows how many white war widows there were, but based on how many soldiers died and how many were married, the estimate is about 200,000 in four years. © copyright 2003-2021 Study.com. According to Essential Civil War Curriculum, the conflict "created an unprecedented number of young white widows." On the other hand, the Parliamentarians were called as the Roundheads because most of them were in the army and had very short hair. Includes 5 activities aimed at students 11-14 years old (KS3) & 5 activities aimed at students 14-16 year old (GCSE). … History reports they answered the call by the thousands. According to Case Western Reserve University, soldiers sent away for racy literature and pictures. These were sent anonymously in a way that "defied detection," and some even had patriotic symbols on the envelopes. Those who still supported Charles's place on the throne, such as the army leader and moderate Fairfax, tried again to negotiate with him. The venereal disease situation was so bad that military leaders thought it "threatened military readiness." "The conflict ripped Spain apart," according to Smithsonian. It began in England in 1642 and lasted for 9 years. All rights reserved. And during the Civil War, people still fell in love and got married, some of them remarkably quickly, because war tends to have that effect. According to PBS, when the disguised Private Ames was found out by her doctor, he demanded to know why she joined the army despite being a woman. Not sure what that says about Clara Barton (pictured) and Louisa May Alcott, who both signed up. They were expected to do the same work the men had done before. Then Sherman came. Historians estimate that at least 7% of the whole population perished. Harriet Tubman was totally badass, recruiting black men to return to the South by posing as slaves to gather information, organizing missions for Union troops to free actual slaves, and even leading an armed expedition herself, which disrupted enemy supply lines and liberated 700 slaves. Confederate President Jefferson Davis said her information was the reason the South won the First Battle of Bull Run. She would gather information and send coded messages to Union officers in invisible ink. In more rural areas of the North, women took over managing their farms when the men left. The women who volunteered didn't receive the same kind of training, but many did incredible jobs, anyway. "Neighbors turned on one another, brothers killed brothers, and thousands of teachers and artists and priests were murdered for their political sympathies." Plus, she was the only woman officially commissioned in the Confederate army. Who was the king during the English Civil War? It was the first time in American history that women were allowed to be a significant part of a war effort. Charles I came to the British throne in 1625. Where did the Battle of Marston Moor take... Who were the Royalists in the English Civil... What was the last battle of the English Civil... What were the effects of the English Civil War? The Union had the United States Sanitary Commission and the indefatigable Dorothea Dix, who was appointed superintendent of female nurses of the Union army by the secretary of war. As Charles’ forces were largely … BBC Hunting for History video exploring these sources and life during the English Civil Wars. In other words, a woman during the American Civil War had it pretty rough. But their loss to a plantation wasn't considered as bad as that of an able-bodied man. However, just because a woman was in a position of influence, that doesn't mean everything was sunshine and roses. English Civil War Soldiers Facts & Worksheets English Civil War Soldiers facts and information activity worksheet pack and fact file. It didn't help that half her family was fighting, and dying, for the Southern cause. Their homes were burned. Overview: Civil War and Revolution 1603 - 1714. Some of the camp followers were refugees, especially escaped slaves. According to New Georgia Encyclopedia, wealthy women saw a lot of the same opportunities that Northern women had, thanks to the war. Like the private diaries of the Tennesseans mentioned above, personal letters reveal much about life during the Civil War. English Civil Wars Quick Facts During the conflict, History reports she recruited black soldiers to the Union army. When Parliament refused to grant many of Charles’s demands for money, the king was furious. And during the Civil War, domestic duties like cooking and laundry were still a necessity, so women came along to do them. If you wanted relative safety or couldn't afford to feed yourself, following the army was your best bet. As a result, some women only supported the cause more, while many were broken and encouraged their men to desert the army and come home. Only four states had formal relief agencies, and there was no national organization for the Confederacy. Free. Not only did soldiers face the possibility of getting killed in battle, their daily lives were full of hardships. So yeah, even though she was on the wrong side, you've got to admire her moxie. The overwhelming youth of the armies on both sides and the way young men flocked to battle had a generational impact on America. But it seems lots of men didn't get their hands on condoms, or they didn't work very well, because STDs were rampant. Nicknames. How did the Battle of Marston Moor start? But then men, especially poorer men who were working in these fields, went to go fight the war. All the men in her life were going off to fight, leaving her to take care of all the things they used to (plus all the stuff she was already in charge of). The Union had blockaded many of the ports of the South, causing shortages of food and other items that people needed. At a time when the women's rights movement was in its infancy, and they were generally expected to stay home and be quiet, it was hard enough for any ladies to become activists. Books like Nicholas MacDowell’s The English Radical Imagination: Culture, Religion and Revolution, 1630-1660 (Oxford University Press, 2003) have stimulated historians’ interest in the relationship between elite and radical culture, making us ever more aware of the links between them. Women usually had to wait for very specific circumstances before they could make a break for it. While her husband was commander-in-chief of the Union, Washington society thought she secretly supported the Confederates. But according to the Library of Congress, she did even more than that, spying and even working as a cook for the army. Yeah, she was only a teenager, but she still managed to get important information to General Stonewall Jackson and was arrested by Union troops numerous times. Fortunately, the Union army had a solution: official government-sanctioned brothels. Prostitutes were a huge part of the Civil War (as seen in Gone with the Wind), but they probably got left out of your high school history book for some reason. Click the button below to download this worksheet for use in the classroom or at home. The English Civil War: Failure of the Monarchy & Rise of Theocracy, The English Civil War and Failure of Charles' Monarchy, The English Civil War and the Rise of Cromwell's Theocracy, The Stuart Period in England: Events and Timeline, The English Reformation: History and Timeline, The Glorious Revolution of 1688: Events and Significance, The Rise of the Dutch Republic & Their Golden Age: History & Timeline, The Thirty Years' War & the Peace of Westphalia: Summary & Significance, Queen Elizabeth I and England's Golden Age, The British Enclosure Movement: Definition & Overview, The French Revolution of 1848: History, Causes & Events, The French Wars of Religion: Catholics vs. the Huguenots, Maggie, a Girl of the Streets: Summary, Themes & Analysis, The Commercial Revolution: Economic Impact of Exploration and Colonization on Europe, Colonial Mercantilism: Definition, History & Effects, The Causes of the French Revolution: Economic & Social Conditions, Causes of the American Revolution: Events & Turning Points, The Scientific Revolution: Definition, History, Causes & Leaders, Peter the Great & the Westernization of Russia: Facts & History, CLEP Western Civilization I: Study Guide & Test Prep, Western Civilization I: Certificate Program, History 100: Western Civilization from Prehistory to Post-WWII, English 103: Analyzing and Interpreting Literature, Environmental Science 101: Environment and Humanity, Psychology 105: Research Methods in Psychology, Biological and Biomedical (She was denied a pension for her spy work, because people suck.) The opposing parties were the supporters of the then monarchy of Charles I and the Parliament. About 400 years ago, The Civil War. In 1649, the Marquess of Montrose started a rebellion in Scotland in support of King Charles II. The war also caused the price of slaves to skyrocket, so there was a greater chance they would see their children sold and families broken up. But the war gave women responsibility and independence they never had before. They would shame pacifist men into joining the army, and single women swore they would only marry men who served. What weapons were used in the English Civil... Where did the Battle of Edgehill take place? And these jobs really helped soldiers out on the battlefield. They didn't show up on the official lists of people there, but they did get paid for their work. Services, The English Civil War: Summary, Causes, Effects & Timeline, Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. She also lost her 11-year-old son to typhoid fever in the middle of the conflict, which sent her into a deep depression. Once you have finished reading all of the letters, use the information to respond to the questions provided on your "Life of a Civil War Soldier" handout. The South was a horrible place to be for women, or anyone, during the Civil War. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal After a period of phony war late in 1642, the basic shape of the English Civil War was of Royalist advance in 1643 and then steady Parliamentarian attrition and expansion. This left all the backbreaking plantation work to the women. Many women did jobs in exchange for enough food to eat. And for many of them, they were entering the workforce for the first time and doing the jobs of men. Friendship and kinship were rent asunder by the great onslaught of the Civil War. They had to deal with hunger, bad weather, poor clothing, and even boredom between battles. The 16th century witnessed a surge in population, which had a negative impact on living standards and led to an increase in poverty and hunger. The Civil War wasn't a picnic for men, but women didn't exactly get an easy time of it, either. A lot of those young widows were also pregnant, or they had young children. The Siege of Chester occurred over a 16 month period between September 1644 and February 1646 during the First English Civil War.In the engagement, Sir William Brereton and the Parliamentarians were ultimately successful in taking possession of the city and Royalist garrison commanded by Lord Byron. They got to take part in the public sphere, voice their opinions about stuff, and do things men used to. Life During the English Civil War: The English Civil War was also called the Great Rebellion. The Gunpowder Plot failed, but the English Civil War would later claim the life of a king. The Army, furious that Parliament continued to countenance Charles as a ruler, then marched on Parliament and conducted "Pride's Purge" (named after the commanding officer of the operation, Thomas Pride) in December 1648. Facts about Civil English War 2: the causes of English Civil War. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. How long did the Battle of Edgehill last? And they still had to care for children and do regular domestic duties. In one bizarre instance, a female prison guard disguised as a man found herself in charge of a woman who was in jail for impersonating a male soldier. When President Lincoln invited her to the White House, she pulled a Rosa Parks 90 years early and defiantly rode in whites-only streetcars. Who were the cavaliers in the English Civil... Who were the leaders of the English Civil War? There was a northern area, southern area, and the new territories out west. Beauregard. Despite the Emancipation Proclamation, slaves were still enslaved, and the vast majority didn't want to be, for obvious reasons. According to Essential Civil War Curriculum, the North had huge advantages over the South at the start of the war, namely that the top half of the country actually had factories and other manufacturing and businesses. Two lessons, one that looks at the types of soldiers who fought in the Civil War and the other that looks at the impact of the war on the lives of ordinary people using the famous painting by W. F. Yeames alongside various worksheets, includes a written and role play task on the image. And then, of course, she constantly had to worry about her relatives and loved ones dying in battle. She had very strict rules for her employees, including that they must be "past 30 years of age, healthy, plain almost to repulsion in dress, and devoid of personal attractions." They took to fighting, spying, nursing, and following soldiers as they wandered around a divided America, killing each other. Varina was consulted on military matters, and when her husband became very ill, she controlled access to him, acting almost as a chief of staff. Topic Eighty-six: Civil War Civilian Life Reading Articles and Essay Starters AN INTRODUCTION AND ESSAY STARTERS 19th Century America was actually a divided country. These women were called "camp followers," and the Cape May County Herald says some of these women followed their husbands to war. The Union alone had 183,000 recorded cases of STDs, and you have to assume there were lots of men who didn't seek medical attention or died before they could. That didn't stop them, though. The English Civil War started in 1642 when Charles I raised his royal standard in Nottingham. While one female soldier's cover was blown shortly after she was promoted to sergeant because she gave birth, women were most often found out when they needed medical attention. It was even harder, of course, if you were a black woman. I am wondering what was life like in the civil war for middle class people and below. By the end of the war, women made up one-third of manufacturing workers, and the US government was the largest employer of women. But they could also order condoms. If the Union army came close to their plantation, their chances of escape were much greater. The Civil War was a difficult time for many Americans, especially those who were living in the North, but had family in the South. As for the fighting, well, the battles on their doorsteps were bad enough. Franco took Spain by force, waging in a nearly three-year war that kicked off in 1936. There wasn't much of a to-do when they were. Some of your friends decide to be loyal to the principal, while others want to be in charge of themselves. But men were more likely to escape, which meant the women left behind "suffered the brunt of their mistresses' wrath." Like his father, James I, he believed in the “divine right of kings.” This meant that kings were chosen by God, so their authority could not be challenged by anyone on Earth. The South was behind in nursing, as in most things, compared to the North. divided the country and families. Living in these areas would have a big variety of means and characteristics. Elizabeth Van Lew's family owned slaves, but even as a kid, she wasn't down with that. Men were conscripted in the battle, leaving the house to women who shouldered all responsibilities. She spent her family fortune on her espionage activities and died impoverished. All armed conflicts bring casualties. The world doesn't stop just because of a war. Any time a war is fought on a country's soil, the home front becomes a battlefield, and all the regular complications are magnified. When the guys left, ladies took over the plantations and businesses. Of course, if lots of soldiers were married, and lots of soldiers died, that meant lots of women found themselves suddenly widowed. Being married to a politician during the Civil War meant having unbelievable amounts of indirect power. According to Encyclopedia Virginia, once the conflict started, enslaved men would be taken from their homes to build military fortifications, work for Confederate officers, or sent to factories. She replied, "I wanted to do my part, same as you." John Locke was born in 1632 in Wrighton, Somerset. Large armies affected livelihoods through demanding shelter and supplies whist travelling from place to place. Personal correspondence often illustrates the importance of familial relationships and the concern of husbands for wives, and vice versa, leading up to and during a war. Instead, they spent their time gathering supplies for the troops and working as activists and nurses. You'd think being enslaved was as bad as it could get, across the board, but the Civil War brought new challenges to the women of the "peculiar institution.". Please be as descriptive as possible well there was really no middle class at the time as they did not really develop until industrialization in the Georgian/Victorian eras. Sojourner Truth was already a famous abolitionist and women's rights advocate by the time the war rolled around. Women in his path evacuated by the thousands. They were named after the Spanish horsemen. Women had a 14 percent promotion rate, 4 percent higher than men. It began in England in 1642 and lasted for 9 years. The men of the Union army "terrorized" white women they came across, which included sexual assault. She'd been helping slaves escape since 1851 — a dangerous, potentially deadly job where she had many close calls. Rose Greenhow lived in Washington D.C., but she secretly supported the South. Union general William T. Sherman engaged in "total war" on his march to the sea. The majority of people during the era of Stuart Britain were poor, with a large portion living in terrible poverty. Sadly, many of them were not able to come back. Union nurses were paid 40 cents a day, and they had to work at least three months. Charles I - Charles I - Civil War: In September 1642 the earl of Essex, in command of the Parliamentarian forces, left London for the midlands, while Charles moved his headquarters to Shrewsbury to recruit and train an army on the Welsh marches. The Ohio State University reports she was never far from her husband's side during the war, in case he wanted to discuss how it was going, which he often did. Rather than support Montrose, Charles decided to ally with the Scottish Covenantors. One of the largest manufacturers was the city’s carriage industry, but New Haven also produced rubber goods, pianos, and clocks as well as the patented camp chair. The English Civil War brought death and destruction to many parts of England. Having ladies around made life on the front lines easier. Life in the South during the Civil War was even more difficult than in the North. The rate of venereal disease in soldiers who passed through declined sharply, and a post-war report called the scheme a success that didn't "encourage vice" but just prevented the "worst consequences. Poor white women didn't have such a great time of it, though, as the war made their economic hardships even worse. In the decade-and-a-half prior to the Civil War, the United States saw dramatic changes in industrialization in the North, and a rapid increase in transportation (rail and steamship) all over the country. She was also a very effective nurse, since she knew lots of folk remedies from her childhood. In fact, one captain would withhold money from his soldier's paychecks if they didn't settle up with their washer woman, Nancy Summers. They volunteered as nurses and raised funds for the cause. The armies on both sides and the way young men flocked to battle had a solution official! Northern area, and what was life like in the english civil war lot of battles close at hand enough, apparently you 've got take. And were very proud of the North being married to a politician during the English Civil Wars Quick >. To ally with the help of her servant, Mary Bowser ) served alongside her husband the causes English... Also a very effective nurse, since she knew lots of folk from. 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